Control of protein-based pattern formation via guiding cues

Proteins control many vital functions in living cells, such as cell growth and division. Reliable coordination of these requires the spatial temporal organization proteins inside which encodes information about cell’s geometry cell-cycle stage. The study protein patterns has long focused around formation uniform environments. However, recent years, it become evident that heterogeneities are essential for patterning, various guiding cues or at boundary can be exploited to reliably pattern formation. We review how guided by size shape, other act templates, mechanical properties cell. basic mechanisms elucidated with reference observations biological model organisms. posit understanding controlled cells will an part processing systems. Living use geometric, biochemical intracellular regulate functions. This Review discusses guidance unveiled them from a physics perspective.